Static Var Compensator to Improve Profile Voltage

electrostatic Var Compensator to Improve Profile Voltage performance of Static Var Compensator to Improve Profile Voltage On transmission System 70kV-150kV APJ PasuruanAbstract System begments for effect is growing in course with the involve in line with population and industrial electrical dexterity consumption, so there is an alternative to maximize the utilization of the transmission line, one of them with equipment Flexible Alternating watercourse transmittal Systems (FACTS). Hardwargon FACTS device in this research one of which is a Static Var Compensator (SVC) to maintain the stability of the electromotive force remains constant at face honor by injecting re energetic federal agency into the remains burn be controlled. Tool OCP contained in the software Electrical Transient Analysis weapons platform (ETAP) is utilize to determine the location and capacitance of SVC by applying the Genetic Algorithm (GA). To test the proposed method, the arranging standard IEEE 14- coach-and-four and the 70kV-150kV transmission system 12 bus APJ Pasuruan used for simulation in this composition. From the abridgment of 12 buses nooky be evidenced by the placement and capacity SVC in Bangil2 bus with a capacity of 43.2 MVAr Qc elicit raise the compose of the potentiality to fall within the permitted margin of 0.95 p.u. to 1.05 p.u. Reviewed Bangil2 bus, bus Bulukandang, buses and bus Pandaan Sukorejo.serta brush off reduce the situation of 10.158 MW and MVAr be 9.9966 45.048 44.660 MW and MVAr.Index Terms Static Var Compensator, Profile Voltage, ETAP major force-out Station, 70kV-150kV Transmission System.IN RECENT YEARS, the need of the electric power system in Indonesia continues to increase along with the demand for electricity and the increase in population and industrial electricity consumption. In this case the development and construction of new defines and transmission lines are needed to meet the needs of the growing burden. Akantetapi it is determined based on the consideration of environmental and economic factors. In addition to the prohibitive cost, the construction of new transmission lines also require a very long time1.So there is an alternative to maximize the utilization of transmission lines, one of which is by utilize equipment Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS)2.FACTS devices of several types of devices, Static Var Compensator (SVC) is widely sudah digunakan around theworld, including in Indonesia itself has been applied in the GI Jember. Based on the standard PLN, the potency value allowed on electric power system ranging from 0.95 to 1.05 pu of nominal voltage3..SVC Can maintain the stability of the voltage remains constant at a value nominalnya by injecting excited power into the system fundament be controlled. Installation SVC at one point or some places could increase the value of the voltage profile and reduce power losses (losses)on the power system4.FACTS concept device was introduced by the Electric antecedent Research Institute (EPRI) in late 1980. Where the FACTS device prat increase the capacity of the transmission system and control the lead of power ( preventativeflow)is flexible5.On the other hand FACTS devices stool also reduce the cost of electrical energy generation and break voltage stability of the transition state(transient)6 7.Therefore, this paper will discuss the placement and the determination of optimal capacity SVC for voltage profile progression 70-150 kV use Genetic Algorithms in the software ETAP originator StationA. System Modeling ElectricityModeling electric power system is outlined as a network system consisting of portions or electrical equipment such as reservoirs, transformers, transmission line, and a consign interconnected and establish a system.8 9B. germ modelGeneratorsare modeled as a PV bus. Which generator terminal voltage at a constant value. This is because the generator using AVR (AutomaticVoltage Regulator) to regulate the voltage on the bus. On the bus references (SlackBus), generator dioprasikan by rating voltage and phase angle const ant. In mathematical equatings active power (MW) and responsive power (MVAr) generated by the generator can be written as follows (1) . (2)WherePg and Qg=Active and reactive power is delivered terminal generator.Vt = terminal voltage generator = generator phase angleEq= internal voltage generatorXd and Xq = synchronous reactanceC. Power TransformerPower transformer of the power system can be expressed mathematically by the equation .. (3) (4)WhereE = Voltage (pu)F = frequencyN =Number of turns= maximum fluxsiFrom the equation it can be seen that the mechanical power transformer primary and secondary eddy is not connected, but electrically interconnected by electromagnetic induction.D. Transmission cable televisionTransmission lines are represented in accordance with the class of transmission. image of the transmission line based on the d istance is divided into three parts, namely1. Short Transmission (l km / 50 miles)2. The transmission medium (80 km / 50 mi3. Transmission length (l 240 km / 150 miles) go out 1. the same tour transmission line shortFigure 2. the equivalent circuit transmission line medium and length ofShort the transmission line, has a channel length of less than 80 km (50 miles) assumed that the content value can be ignored and only the taking into account the value of the resistance (R) and inductive reactance (XL).With assumed in a balanced (balanced), the transmission line can show by using the equivalent circuit of the phase with resistance value (R) and inductive reactance (XL)which are connected in series (series opposition), which can be seen in Figure 2.1. While in the middle of the transmission line, the transmission line has a length of 80 km (50 miles) and 240 km (150 miles). In the middle of the transmission line, the capacitance conductor can not be ignored so that the conductor c an be modeled using the equivalent circuit of one phase in the form of nominal which can be seen in Figure 2.2. But for a long transmission line, capacitance and impedance conductive assumed contained on all the conductors to the rebound of infinite.E. Electrical loadIn power systems, there are two kinds of modeling the load is static load and combat-ready load.1) Model Static payloadStatic load model is a model that represents active and reactive power as a function of the bus voltage and frequency. Static load in response to variegates in voltage and frequency is reached quickly, so it tends to steady-state condition. Static load models are typically used for components such as resistive loads and lighting loads, and is also sometimes used to approach the dynamic components.2) Model Load dynamicDynamic load model is a model that represents the active power and reactive follow the dynamics of the system variables, so that the condition can change at any time.F. Drop VoltageThe Drop Voltage is the amount of voltage that is missing on a conductor. The voltage drop across the power line is generally proportional to the length of the channel and the load, and inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of the conductor. The magnitude of the voltage drop expressed both in percent or in the amount of Volt.G. Static Var CompensatorStatic Var Compensator or called SVC is one of the FACTS equipment Device consisting of a reactor component with a large set of inductive reactive power compensation and capacitor as a source of reactive power, power electronics equipment as well(p) equipped as a switching device. Broadly speaking, the function of which is to preserve SVC (controller) voltage stability remain constant at its face value.SVC is a generator / load connected shunt static VAR where output is set for the exchange of inductive or capacitive currents in order to maintain or control the power system can be varied. TCR (Thyristor Controlled Reactor) at the fundamental frequency can be treated as a variable inductive reasoning . (5)Where, XV is a variable reactance SVC while XL is the reactance caused by the fundamental frequency without control thyristor and is the angle of ignition so that the total equivalent impedance of the controller can be expressed in .. (6)Value rx = XC / XL is given by the controller limit ignition angle limit of value fixed in accordance with the design. control law The steady state contained in the SVC typical VI characteristic figure 2.3 is .. (7)where V and I are rms voltage and current magnitude and Vref is the reference voltage. Typical values for slope XSL is 2 to 5%, tehadap SVC base The value is necessary to avoid going the limit of bus voltage variation is small. A typical value controlled voltage range of Vref.11 12Figure 3. V I characteristics instate SVC steadyH. Power menstruum methodBy using the Newton Raphson method to analyze the power flow by forming a non-linear algebraic equati ons of power flow calculation can be determined by performing a comparison between the voltage change in voltage angle and the magnitude of the voltage with active power changes and reactive power (k)).11In the mathematical equations of power flow can be written as follows (8)Where is the value of active power (MW) is the value of reactive power (MVAr)I. Software ETAP Power StationETAP (Electric Transient and Analysis Program)is a software full-graphics that can be used to design and test the condition of the existent electric power system. ETAP can be used to simulate the electrical power system offline in the form of a simulation module, monitoring the work data in realtime, simulation, real time system optimization, energy management systems andsimulation of intelligent loads hedding. ETAP is designed to handle a variety of conditions and electric power system topologies both in the consumer side of the industry as well as to analyze the performance of the system at the util ity. software Thisis equipped with facilities to relief the simulation of such networks AC and DC (AC and DC networks),the design of cable networks, grid earth (groundgrid), GIS, panel design, arc-flash, coordination of protective devices (protective devices coordination /selectivity),and AC / DC control system diagram.ETAP Power Station also provides a library that will modify the design of an electrical system. library This can be edited or can be added to the in arrangeion equipment. This software works by plant (project).Each plant must provide modeling support equipment associated with the analysis that will be performed. For illustration generator, load data, channel data, etc. A plant consists of a sub-set of the electrical system that require special electrical components and interconnected. In Power Station, each plant must provide a data base for that purpose.ETAP Power Station can be used to describe a unity line diagram graphically and conduct some analysis / study o f the Load Flow Short Circuit, the motor starting, harmonics, transient stability, protective device coordination, and Optimal Capacitor Placement.13A few things to note in working with ETAP Power Station areOne Line Diagram, shows the relationship between the components / equipment so as to form an electrical system.Library, information about all of the equipment that will be used in the electrical system. Data electrical and mechanical equipment details / full can simplify and improve the results of simulation / analysis.The standard is used, usually refers to the IEC or ANSI standards, the frequency of the system and method the method used.Case Study, containing parameters parameters related to the method of study to be performed and format of analytical results.Completeness of data from each element / component / electrical equipment on the system that will be very helpful analyzed the results of the simulation / analysis can approach the actual operational state.13J. Genetic Algorithms on OCP tool within ETAPOptimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) is one of the tools in the software ETAP Power Station which uses genetic algorithm for optimal capacitor placement. Genetic Algorithm is an optimization technique that is based on the theory of natural selection. An algorithm starts with the generation solutions with the diversity to represent the characteristics of the overall search space. By mutation and crossover characteristics that both have to be taken to the next generation. The optimal solution can be achieved through repeated generations. The most common method is based on a rule of thumb followed by running multiple power flow studies for fine tuning size and location. multiple power flow for fine tuning size and location.K. Objective FunctionThe objective of the placement problems SVC is to improve the voltage profile and reduce the total power losses in power systems installed. The objective function is obtained from two terms. The first is the placeme nt of SVC with the approach of the capacitor and the second is the total power loss. The objective function associated with the placement of the capacitor consists of a total power loss and the capacity of the capacitor. In general, the optimal capacitor placement and capacity can be written in the following equation 14 .. . (9)Subject to .. (10) .. (11)WhereP loss= Total power lossJ = Total Bus= Placement capacity capacitors on the bus jVj= voltage rms at bus jV min= minimum voltage is allowed (pu)V max= maximum voltage that allowed (pu)= maximum capacitor capacity permissible= minimum capacity capacitor bankL. Operatinal ConstraintAlong the self-feeder are required to remain within upper and lower limits after the addition of capasitors on the feeder. Voltage constrains can be taken into account by voltage.M. Placement of Static Var Compensatorplacement static var compensator used approach OCP. OCP is the optimal capacitor placement that exist in software ETAP power station which will be described in research methodology. Optimal placement of capacitors in the power system has many variables including the capacitor capacity, optimal placement, voltage and harmonics. Where in determining placement and optimum capacity, types of capacitors can be adjusted based on conditions on the ground. Namum considering these variables, making optimal placement becomes very complicated. So as to simplify the analysis, the type of capacitor can be assumed as follows1. The system is in equilibrium (balanced)2. All types are considered constant loadN. Capacitors CapacityCapacitors In determining capacity, used capacity started based standard smallest capacity of capacitors and multiples thereof. So based on these standards, the capacity of the capacitor can be used as a discrete variable. and will be used as the capacity of the SVC.In the analysis of the placement and the determination of the optimum capacity of capacitors to improve voltage profile and reduction in power lo sses, papers It uses the standard IEEE as a reference point in the implementation transit and workmanship. Testing and research with survey data obtained from PT. PLN (Persero) APP TJBTB Probolinggo. With the data obtained, it can be simulated transmission system APJ Pasuruan 70 kV and 150 kV using software ETAP Power Station. models can be done in the form of power flow or Load Flow, which is to know the profile of the voltage, active power, reactive power and losses that occur in the system 70 kV and 150 kV After conducting a study of power flow it is cognize conditions of the bus who suffered voltage drop (under voltage).If there are conditions that decrease the bus voltage below the allowable margin (0.95 A. Flow studiesFlowused in the preparation of this study are as followsStartDrawing single line diagrams.Input data data generator, a data channel, the data load.Running the simulation Load Flow using Method Newton RaphsonTo check whether the voltage on the system is at the permitted margin of 0.95 V 1.05 puIf NoPerform simulation process OCP bus to get anywhere into optimal location for placement of the capacitor which is then replaced by the value of the capacitor SVC. Once the process OCP is complete, plug SVC finished.Return to tint 4If Yes go to tonicity 8Results and Analysis of the resultsDone.FlowchartFigure 4. Flowchart solvingA. Modeling transmission system 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan using software ETAP Power StationBefore running simulation modeling is required in advance PLN APJ Pasuruan sisitem transmission using software ETAP Power Station from pictures in the can when the survey. Modeling unity line diagramis done using software ETAP Power Station and to enter all of the data supports five image simulasi. Transmission system70kV -150kV APJ Pasuruan is chill out in the shade APP Probolinggo with 12 bus and were able to generate 632.4 MW power P and Q 391,92 MVar of PLTGU. Total peak load on the transmission system APJ Pasuruan P 327.75 129.8 MW Q MVar.Source PT PLN TJBTB APP ProbolinggoFigure 5. Single line diagram APP system probolinggoB. Generating Data transmission line system 70kV 150k APJ PasuruanTable 1. Data Capable of Generating Power transmission system 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruancellspacing=0 cellpadding=0Source PT PLN TJBTB APP ProbolinggoC. Load data transmission systems 70kV 150kV APJ PasuruanTable 2. Data transmission system peak load of 70kV 150kVAPJ PasuruanLine TransmissionTransformerP (MW)Q (MVAr)GRATITrafo1- 60 MVA12.6322BUMICOKROTrafo1- 50 MVA39.1511.82Trafo2-60MVA46.81612GONDANGWETANTrafo1-60MVA31.42856Trafo2-30MVA22245.82Trafo3-60MVA2306818BANGIL1Trafo1-60MVA27.266.94Trafo1-20MVA16.74604REJOSOTrafo1-20MVA2.86325Trafo2-30MVA2456Trafo3-35 MVA8212.1 wharfTrafo1-50MVA21.891152PANDAANTrafo1-30MVA17284.94Trafo2-20MVA10.662.65Trafo3-30MVA25.89.6SUKOREJOTrafo1-30MVA1742606BULUKANDANGTrafo1-60MVA24.46.93Trafo2-20MVA8.66244PURWOSARITrafo1 -60MVA13.857.61Source PT PLN TJBTB APP Probolinggo (peak load da ta)D. Line transmission data in system 70kV 150kV APJ PasuruanTable 3. Line transmissiondata in system 70kV 150kV PasuruanFromToCircuitDistance (KM)Type ConductorGRATIGONDANGWETAN121.069ACSR ZEBRAGRATIGONDANGWETAN221.069ACSR ZEBRAGONDANG-WETANBANGIL116.805ACSR DOVEGONDANG-WETANBANGIL216.805ACSR DOVEBANGILPANDAAN18,700ACSR OstrichBANGILPANDAAN28,700ACSR OstrichBUMICO-KROBANGIL16200ACSR ZEBRABANGILSUKOREJO116,000ACSR PIGEONBANGILMOLDY-DANG124 770ACSR DOVEBANGILPIER16200ACSR ZEBRABANGILPIER26200ACSR ZEBRAGONDANG-WETANPIER110 866ACSR ZEBRAGONDANG-WETANPIER210 866ACSR ZEBRAPIERPURWOSA-RI122 422ACSR ZEBRAPIERPURWOSA-RI222 422ACSR ZEBRAGONDANG-WETANREJOSO110 487ACSR DOVEGONDANG-WETANREJOSO210 487ACSR DOVESource PT PLN TJBTB APP ProbolinggoE. Modelling single line transmission system diagram 70kV 150kV APJ PasuruanCreating modeling a single line diagram70KV transmission systems 150kV APJ Pasuruan on software ETAP Power Station is the first step in the analysis. Where in this modeling wi ll be included all the data technical data which includes capacity, generation, channel, transformer, step-up the transformer and the load.Figure 6 Modelling Single Line Diagram of the transmission system 70kV 150kV APJ PasuruanF. Simulation Load Flow using Software ETAP Power Station on the conditions of the base caseSimulation load flow is intended to determine the initial condition of the system, determine the value of the voltage rating on every bus, knowing that the power in each channel and obtain the value of active and reactive power on the bus. Insimulation load flow thisusing methods Newthon Rhapson.Figure 7. After the run with load flow in base case conditions.Table 3. Profile voltage conditions of the base caseNo.BUS IDV(pu)1.BANGIL 10.95682.BANGIL 20.92993.BULUKANDANG0.94974.BUMICOKRO0.95175.GRATI GITET0.10006.GONDANGWETAN0.97137.GRATI0.99928.PANDAAN0.91749.PIER0.961010.PURWOSARI0.958611.REJOSO SUMMIT0.970012.SUKOREJO0.9216Figure 8. Graph voltage profile condition of base caseBased on the load flow inconditions basecase aboveand have been known to occur outside the voltage breach margin the permitted of 0.95 pu to 1 05 pu in Bangil2 bus, bus Bulu kandang, Pandaan bus, and the bus Sukorejo, it can be improved voltage profile by using analysis of Optimal Capacitor placement (OCP) for placement and capacity SVC.G. Placement Analysis