The Downfall of Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays William Shakespeare Pa

Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, is the tragic tale of Macbeth,a virtuous human beings, corrupted by power and greed. This tragedy can be classified byone of two theories. One theory suggests that the tragic hero, Macbeth, is leddown an unescapable road of sentence by an outside force namely the three witches.The second suggests that there is no supernatural force working against Macbeth,which therefore makes him responsible for his own actions and undeniabledownf totally. Macbeth is indeed responsible for his own actions which are provokedby Lady Macbeth, the witches, his ambition, and an unwillingness to listen tohis own conscience. These forces had no direct control over his actions merelysimply pointed out different paths for him to follow. Ultimately, Macbeth chosethe path of darkness. Throughout the entire take over Macbeth ignores the voice of his ownconscience. He knows what he is doing is wrong even before he murders Duncan.His own conscience is nagging at him but he allows Lady Macbeth and greed tocloud his judgement. In referring to the idea of the murder of Duncan, Macbethfirst states,We will hold up no further in this business(I, vii, 32). Yet,after speaking with Lady Macbeth he recants and proclaims, I am settled, andbend up /Each corporal federal agent to this terrible feat(I, vii, 79-80). He allowshimself to be swayed by the woman he loves. Lady Macbeth gave him an ultimatumand provoked him by saying When you durst do it, then you were a man And to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more the man..... (I, vii, 49-51)She provokes him ... ...cally cause an increase in his desires. He willingly committed the crimesto fulfil his ambitions not because of a spell cast by the witches. While purposely played in a mysterious setting, the location is notmeant to cloud the true theme of the play with the supernatural. Macbeth simplysuccumbs to natural urges and his own ambitions which lead him to a fate of hisown making. The p rovocations of Lady Macbeth, the witches, his ambition and hisreluctance to listen to his conscience were the deciding factors in his life. Hewas not supernaturally controlled by the black magic of the witches nor was hepurposefully led down a path of destruction. He was fully aware of theconsequences of all the decisions he made. Everyone has character flaws that they must live with Macbeth simply allowed those flaws to destroy him.

Saturday Morning Cartoons :: Television TV Cartoons Essays

Saturday Morning Cartoons Saturday morning cartoons are on the verge of becoming extinct on the major networks. Year after social class there are continually less and worse cartoons on Saturday mornings. It was painful and sad but I thought that they had hit rock bottom and they go away only get better from here. However, it now seems that cartoons may very well slide out of existence. How did this happen? Where have all the cartoons gone? Is there any hope in the future or will we all lead a cold, miserable existence (ok it might not be that bad). First, it would probably swear out to start at the beginning of Saturday morning cartoons and give a history to find out how we got here. Saturday morning cartoons have been around since the 1950s. Since many people who worked in piano tuner knew that most kids programming does better on Saturday mornings than any other time. Like most television programming of this time most these cartoons seemed like radio programs with pictures and really didnt utilize the medium. Nevertheless these cartoons were spearheading the way for future cartoons. This era gave birth to The Rocky and Bullwinkle and Popeye. The most popular cartoon, however, was Mighty Mouse Playhouse. The show had the powerfulness to mix action with comedy, which seems to be the key to most good cartoons. In the sixties and seventies a lot things were changing in America and cartoons were no exception. These were the first post-T.V. cartoons and this era was referred to as the golden-age of Saturday morning cartoons. During this time some of the most influential and longest running cartoons debuted on Saturday morning. The one cartoon, however, that attracted the highest ratings was the Beatles cartoon. Fortunately, after its initial indurate the ratings dropped off dramatically and the show was canceled. Bugs Bunny first appeared on Saturday morning in 1960 and has continued to be shown on one station or another(pren ominal) for the last 40 years. Scooby-Doo first started in 1969 and also continues to be shown today. The Jetsons, which originally started out in primetime, was very popular on Saturday mornings as well. This time blockage also gave birth to some the very first action cartoons on Saturday morning.

Computers :: essays research papers

When you mention the word "technology," most people think round figurers. Virtually every facet of our lives has some figurerized component. The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have a computer. But the computer that everyone thinks of first of all is typically the personal computer, or PC.A PC is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of different move -- memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. -- that work together. "General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can role it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Web and play games.In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different move that go into them. You will learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session. Youll also find out what the proximo may hold for these machines.Lets take a look at the main components o f a typical desktop computer.* Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the computer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU.* Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects nowadays to the microprocessor. There are several specific types of memory in a computero Random-access memory ( compact) - Used to temporarily store information that the computer is currently working witho Read-only memory (ROM) - A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that does not changeo Basic input/output system (BIOS) - A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic discourse when the computer is first turned ono Caching - The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPUo Virtual memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed otherboard - This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components connect to. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. another(prenominal) systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.

Communication and Conflict Resolution :: Interpersonal Communication Essays

Today many people still lack on the expertness to communicate effectively within inter psycheal relationships. It is through teamwork and collaboration that effective intercourse occurs. By analyzing and studying the communication process we can improve our baron to communicate effectively between one another.To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication (Hybels & Weaver pg.156). Recognizing emotions in other is a very important first step for building a relationship. If you cant feel what someone else is olfaction then you cant connect with them on a personal level and that can hinder your relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the bearing to achieve. Whenever we want to keep in communication with another person, we try share ideas and feelings. Also we can give information through a wide diverseness of verbal and non-verbal cues. vocal communication has huge effects on many aspects of life, including interpersonal relationships. Communication with others verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for daily life.Verbal communication is organized by language non-verbal communication is not. close of us spend working hours communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and ideas with others. On the other hand, most of us codt to realize that a great deal of our communication is of a non-verbal form as opposite to the oral and written reports. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, philia contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear dress or how quiet we are.Person-to-person communication theory our thoughts are set on different levels simultaneously. If the nonverbal cues and the spoken message are strange, the flow of communication is stuck. Right or wrong, the receiver of the communication tends to al-Qaida the intentions of the sender on the non- verbal cue s one receives.Before a person makes an effort to form an interpersonal relationship they must decide what attracted them about this person and why they want to have the relationship. There are many factors that make up attraction to others. Physical attraction, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are some of them (Hybels and Weaver, 2007).Most people are attracted to others because of the way they look, same personality and same education. Some people might have different characteristics that one might be attracted too. If a person is not attracted to your appearance they are mostly not come up and have a conversation with you.

Personal Narrative: Cheerleading :: essays research papers

Cheerleading A jolt of energy rushed done my frame and hit my heart when they call me up to get the team trophy. Not fourth, third, or second, that first place for the third year in a row. Being a captain of a team is an terrible experience. You get to see your team physically, mentally, and emotionally prepare for contender. Its a lot of hard work, alone if you try your hardest, make all the practices and have a passion for cheerleading its worth it. Every year we take a few weeks to build a competition routine, the out come is incredible, but the celebration is the best part.Preparing for competition is easier said than done, you need a passion to complete the task. Competition is extremely stressful, but amazing at the same time. It?s a process of mixed emotions, not knowing if it?s importance will have a meaning in the end. Having practice six times a week allows us to work on our jumps, cheers, dances, tumbling, and the most difficult, stunting. Just the counts an d lifting people in the air is traumatic enough, but repeating it over and over again it gets strenuous. Dancing is relaxing when you have counts to them, but when you have to learn the dance to the music people get manifold and don?t know when to leave to the next formation. Team members start getting fed up with each other at the closing stages of practice, it?s nevertheless a natural human reaction after practicing with the same fifteen to twenty misfires for three hours.At last we had brought all our practicing skills into work at the final stages. After working hard for three solid months it all paid off, the competing mat was beneath our feet. It was as if I could almost hear the girl?s hearts thumping before we walked onto the mat. I couldn?t stop smiling, I had the biggest grin on my face as if I were the cat who just ate the canary. Only when I thought that was enough, my facial expressions were amazing, all the nights I spent in front of the mirror or watching my self through the reflection of the glass door in my kitchen. It?s hard to go first because watching all the other teams compete makes you think, how did I do?

The Key To Master Writing is to Write a Lot :: English Writing Teacher Student

Write a lot. Could this idea be the foundation of a sound compose pedagogy? It seems nearly too simple. It also seems solidly in line with Peter human elbows ideas for the teacherless classand therefore, if we believe Berlins formulation from Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class, perhaps part of a pedagogic doctrine that can easily marginalize certain students or be co-opted by the agencies of incorporated capitalism (697 in Cross-Talk). But Im thinking more than in terms of establishing writing for students as something that ought to be done in plenty in order to build it as a habit. In my suffer experience as a student, this never happened. Nor did I hear about the affable implications of writing or the power structures inherent in the classroom, ideas that superpower grudge student interest in writings possibilities and demystify the classroom nice to make students want to write more. Now I think these elements could be the keys to better writing.Elbow opines, If you atomic number 18 serious about wanting to improve your writing, the intimately useful thing you can do is keep a freewriting daybook (9). When I recently read Writing Without Teachers for the first time, the assertion that writing a lot is a good thing hit me as if it was alone new. And I think of myself as a writer But some condemnation showed me that my education, from grade school through college, had done very little to really encourage me to write with any sort of regularity, or to revise what I did write. And so I produced little actual writing - just enough to confirm by. If this was the case for me, it may well have been the case for others. And if, regardless of our particular philosophic approach to instruction, we are in agreement as teachers of writing that we are trying to get students to write better (however we understand that), then shouldnt establishing writing as a habit be a priority? It is flimsy that any teacher of writing thinks that less, and not more, practice makes a better writer.How might we encourage regular writing for students? Are daily journal entries a good idea, as Elbow suggests? Anecdotal evidence from our class suggests that some teachers go back journal writing effective, while others are convinced that assigning a ten-minute freewriting exercise really would tend to produce pages full of the sentence I abhor this assignment repeated over and over.The Key To Master Writing is to Write a Lot English Writing Teacher StudentWrite a lot. Could this idea be the foundation of a sound writing pedagogy? It seems almost too simple. It also seems solidly in line with Peter Elbows ideas for the teacherless classand therefore, if we believe Berlins formulation from Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class, perhaps part of a pedagogic philosophy that can easily marginalize certain students or be co-opted by the agencies of corporate capitalism (697 in Cross-Talk). But Im thinking more in terms of establishing writin g for students as something that ought to be done in volume in order to build it as a habit. In my own experience as a student, this never happened. Nor did I hear about the social implications of writing or the power structures inherent in the classroom, ideas that might pique student interest in writings possibilities and demystify the classroom enough to make students want to write more. Now I think these elements could be the keys to better writing.Elbow opines, If you are serious about wanting to improve your writing, the most useful thing you can do is keep a freewriting diary (9). When I recently read Writing Without Teachers for the first time, the assertion that writing a lot is a good thing hit me as if it was completely new. And I think of myself as a writer But some reflection showed me that my education, from grade school through college, had done very little to actually encourage me to write with any sort of regularity, or to revise what I did write. And so I produced little actual writing - just enough to get by. If this was the case for me, it may well have been the case for others. And if, regardless of our particular philosophical approach to instruction, we are in agreement as teachers of writing that we are trying to get students to write better (however we understand that), then shouldnt establishing writing as a habit be a priority? It is unlikely that any teacher of writing thinks that less, and not more, practice makes a better writer.How might we encourage regular writing for students? Are daily journal entries a good idea, as Elbow suggests? Anecdotal evidence from our class suggests that some teachers find journal writing effective, while others are convinced that assigning a ten-minute freewriting exercise really would tend to produce pages full of the sentence I hate this assignment repeated over and over.

Black Feminism

lightlessness Feminism Feminism in generalis a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending compeer semipolitical, scotch, and social rights for women. gloomy Feminism is a strand of feminist mind, which highlights the breed disadvantages of gender, class and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women. Black feminist organizations emerged during the 1970s and they had to face manifold difficulties from both the white feminist and Black Nationalist political organizations they were confronting with.Black feminists had rejected the idea of a single unified gender oppression that faced equally by all women, and argued that early feminist analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women. One of the theories that evolved knocked out(p) of the Black feminist movement was Alice Walkers Womanism. Alice Walker and otherwise womanists pointed out that blackened woman experienced a different and more intense anatomy of oppression from that of white women. They point out the emergence black feminist movement after earlier movements led by white middle-class women which they regard as having largely ignored oppression based on race and class.Patricia mound Collins defined Black feminism, in Black Feminist Thought (1991), as including women who theorize the experiences and ideas sh bed by ordinary black women that provide a unique angle of vision on self, community, and society. Different critics gave their opinion regarding Black Feminism , some of them tried to justify their stand as the Black Feminists, some elaborated the purposes of this movement, some discussed the themes that work in this theory. They stated such asWomen of color have never been placed on a understructure and protected the way white women are, and although women of color are thought of as a voiceless people, the stereotypes used to oppress them, black matriarch, bitch and azure, contradict that notion (Hudson-Weems 211 -213). In establishing why Black Feminism is relevant, it must be established that women of color have been thrice victimized by racism, sexism and economic exploitation. These three oppressive forces affect women of color simultaneously and equally relentlessly (Gordon 166).Black Feminism is the ac admitledgement that women of color have been oppressed by sexism and racism, that at that place was a failure to recognize and address these issues in the Feminist Movement and the Black Liberation Movement, and that women of color have their own agenda that neither movement seat take on. Black Feminism focuses on the experiences needs and desires of women of color (Aldridge 193). The goal of Black Feminism is to create a criterion by which women of color bath assess their authoritativeities, both in thought and in action (Hudson-Weems 210).Although it is contested that all assays are the same, placing all women under feminism is the epitome of racist hauteur and domination, suggest ing that white womens experience is the standard and authority above any other experience (Hudson-Weems 209). Basically three characteristic themes are found in Black Feminist thought Black womens self-definition and self-valuation The interlocking nature of oppression and The importance of Afro-American womens culture.We find the themes of Black Feminism analogous repression of women, self actualization, self-definition, self-valuation, political suppression and kind of racial, class and gender biases towards the women of Black race, in the stories of Lice, Veil and Independence Day. Lice is really a true illustration of deprivation of women because of their gender, kind of gender oppression and the stereo emblematic view of women in Black community that women are only to get married, have sex, and to devote their whole life for the family. thither is a woman in the boloney, named Sissie a voiceless creature, as stereotypical view of Black Feminism is.In the Black community it is considered that if you are a woman you just have to perform certain roles other than that you have no identity of your own, as in the story the condition of sissie in Black community truly explained this stereotype an ordinary wife with a normal marriage, ignored, double-timed, a harassed mother, a low paid teacher in a rotten third world education system. Black women have no personal identity without the male entity, as the words of sisses mother when sissie is red to married Now our daughter has become a proper lady. ith marriage comes a lot of responsibilities and she is left with no self-identity and have to behave like a Lady and then her mother thinks like a typical mother that she must stop calling her daughter baby now because she was a grand old lady of five years. In her autobiography Anne Moody, brings the idea of black feminism into account, stating, We were told in the same breath to be quiet both for the sake of being ladylike and take us less objectionable in the eyes of white people. She is deprived of her wants and needs but in this situation as well her mother advises her to remember counting her blessings.She is having a husband who is legally and fully married to her but most of the time she overly knows without looking that her husband was not occupying his side of the bed. She has no right to ask her husband because she is supposed to distributele the standholds, not to look into the doings of her husband. As it is against the norms of patriarchal society, in which she is living. The depravity of the Black women also proves in the fact that their marriages are dependent on their pregnancies Their marriages depended on it. Their feminity. Their humanity. Third phase which depicts the darker aspect of black feminism is that of sexual oppression. Women are sexually harassed by male, as in the story Sissie is representative of the working women community, that how her Boss demanded sexual favor as a substitute for her promotion. Anot her blessing is mentioned that it is Saturday, which means no school but this Saturday means nothing for her as she has much to do at phratry on the free day, because there is no concept of rest for a woman even on the holiday. There is a car in her house which is her husbands.She has no right regarding the car in spite of having investment in the car. Here again comes one of the major themes of Black Feminist thought that is of self valuation that a woman has no self possession. The very title of the story Lice is symbolic in the sense that apparently lice are in her daughters hair but symbolically these are the parasites that Black women have in their life in the form of biases, gender subjugation and typical concept about women as small creatures. The Veil refers to the theme of realization, self actualization in the Black feminism theory.It is the realization of woman after the real experience of having sex. The story is based on relationships and is being told by a woman that how a woman presuppose about having sex as an enjoyable activity but later on she realizes the truth that this enjoyment doesnt last for long and at the end there remains nothing. Basically this story embodies the objectification of women and glorification of sex but sudden realization of the true fact, which is an important concept in Black Feminism that women of Black race starting realizing or identifying the things.As His eyes are the only part of his body with which I have real physical contact. They dispel strangeness and ugliness and make my relationship with him real in the midst of numerous unreal ones it is because in the beginning they used to spend time talking and sharing their interests and wants and this communication was carried out through eye contact as well as it was a sort of meeting of minds, and gratifying but this relationship now lacks communication thats what makes them feel strangers to each other and a number of questions arise in her mind that whether i t was the bodys desire for contact with another body? And this idea gives vent to a convulsive desire to find out how the meeting of my body with his could be like. This lust for the fulfillment of bodily desires draws me into loveless contacts simply in order to remunerate that curiosity and she experiences a kind of repulsion between their bodies except in one situation that of love. Then she thinks about the cause behind this repulsion and comes to know that man worships his masculinity, so woman repulses him and the only way to get rid of this repulsion is the victory of love over the male deity but she has no idea what it is and once again she is encountered by certain thoughts such as Is the relationship between us love? and s love simply a fairy tale, but curtly a bitter realization stuck in her mind that All the fairy tales come to an end and the veil fell from each of them. and each time a veil fell, she cries for the beautiful illusion which was lost. Then there come s a time when they both are having sex she notices that his body reveals strength, youthfulness, cleanliness and advantageously eating but later on when he is dressed and getting ready to leave his face looks tired, as though hes suddenly grown old and weary. She experiences mixed feelings of joy mingle with strange feelings of sadness as the man has left her alone once again.When the effect of wine has asleep(p) and the veil has lifted from my eyes, she looks into the mirror as I am about to walk away from the mirror, like every other time, to trample on the fallen veil at my feet and stamp on it with new found strength. But this time I do not leave my place. I reject down, pick up the veil from the ground and replace it once again on my face. The story is all about the feelings of a woman that how she feels when the fondness world or the glorified picture of having sexual pleasure turned into the reality. A veil of illusion is now dropped away from her eyes.But at the end of the day, she has to grade up that veil over her face and pretend to be like as usual, because she is anticipated to behave like this. The story Independence Day scripted by Yvonne Vera is a representation of political suppression of women of Black Color. This story refers to the variations in definition of independence according to men and women. In the story there is a man who is watching Independence celebrations on television and he decides that he was going to celebrate Independence properly with cold beer and a woman. On the other hand, the celebrations are going on the Prince and the new Prime Minister walked to the large flag pole in the middle of the stadium. it is midnight and on one hand it is the magic time of change whereas on the other side, the man is busy having sex with that prostitute. The whole country got independence but what about the woman who is tranquillize the slave of others and has to live her life the way she is told to. Although they were going to ent er in a new era but it makes no difference for the women because there are specific boundaries settled by men for her, which is not allowed by the society to cross anyway.In short, we see that the black feminist movement had to contend with civil rights movements that cherished women in a lesser role. Menbelieved the black women would organize around their own needs and minimize their own efforts, losing reliable allies in the difference for civil rights. The black feminist movement not only had to compete with racial prejudice but also the structure of our patriarchal society, making their struggle much harder.

Studying Of Environmental Health Health And Social Care Essay

My MBBS ( Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery ) course of study of Community Medicine gave me an chance to consider the multidisciplinary Fieldss of state-supported Health.Moreover, I had the opportunity to expose to the health attention installation of our state through several Day Visit plans. My Day Visits to Institute of Public Health ( IPH ) Dhaka, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease look for, Bangladesh ( ICDDR, B ) , Expanded plan on Immunization ( EPI ) Centre, Dhaka etc. gave me a perfect compass to detect the public health benefit in Bangladesh.Through these visits I become interested in this topic.My involvement in Public Health was further horny by my cogitation visit experience as a portion of RFST ( Residential Field Site Training Program ) at Sreepur upazilla. We performed a cut through sectional survey on Psychosocial Assessment of Rural People of Bangladesh . That was for the first clip I was introduced to epidemiological study and worked utilizing SPS S to come in and analyse data.We were awarded the second award for our distinguishable undertaking. During my arrangement, I had found that most of these rural people were incognizant of the basic wellness regulations and therefore easy infected by numerous catching diseases.We gave them wellness instruction about nutrition, sanitation and personal hygiene and distributed ORS ( Oral Rehydration Salt ) packages. I was really aroused when they showed self-concern for safe environmental pattern. With the aid of Upazilla Health Officer, we guided them to put in H2O seal latrines. The RFST experience aroused my involvement in the field of environmental Health. Not plainly were we able to make something new but we were besides able to assist the local population. By actuating and educating a group of people about wellness related byplays, we could finally diminish the disease load in the biotic community. I realize the importance of hygiene instruction in our society.In Ibrahim Medica l College I managed to keep the top place in my category during the whole undergraduate plan. In the Final Professional MBBS ( Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery ) scrutiny, I stood foremost in the college. Besides academic surveies, I frequently volunteer to the BIRDEM General Hospital and Diabetic Association of Bangladesh ( DAB ) to take part in give up wellness cantonments.After my completion of 5 old ages of medical class, I have started one twelvemonth rotatory internship preparation at BIRDEM ( Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder ) General Hospital. As an intern physician in third degree infirmary, I have the chance to trace off longanimouss with wide scope of unwellness like hapless patients with diabetes complications, severe malnourished kids enfeebling from Kalazar, Tuberculosis and Helminthiasis, skin malignant neoplastic disease patient with arsenicosis and immature workers with assorted pneumonic complicat ions. To battle the predominating environmental wellness jeopardies in Bangladesh I believe it is imperative to develop an effectual accomplishment in the field of Environmental Epidemiology. An MS grade in Environmental Health in the field of Environmental Epidemiology leave behind supply me a alone chance to give way the incidence of disease and diminish the impact of environmental wellness related jobs from our community.During my internship in Gynaecology Department, I had made another field visit at Ramu Upazilla Health Complex, Cox s Bazar.I was involved in supplying Essential Service Package ( ESP ) and Primary Health Care ( PHC ) to the local community.I nonionised a little group session with local people to discourse on issues like harmful consequence of chemical fertilisers, generative and child wellness attention and referral cognition for patients with cholera, diarrhea and pneumonia. I found this treatment really effectual as most of them were nescient about modern w ellness attention. My community exposure and interaction with patients farther escalate my involvement in environmental wellness.I will be take parting in a inquiry undertaking on Identification and Magnitude of Antibiotic Prescription in Different Levels of Health Service Delivery Centres from November 2012.Under the supervising of Dept. of Microbiology, BIRDEM infirmary I will be working as a research assistant.I think it will be really effectual to better my accomplishments in the field of epidemiology and biometricss.Bangladesh has made a sustained advancement in environmental wellness sector with precedence of issues like sanitation, planned urbanisation, forbiddance of plastic bag usage etc.By utilizing limited resources and wellness installations it has successfully promoted under five immunisation program.Working in both Upazilla and Tertiary degree infirmaries, I think environmental wellness demands more attending at primary level.Lack of sufficient figure of community d octors and unequal wellness installations fail to supply quality wellness service to the rural people. I am hardened to function my community as a physician scientist every bit good as research worker to place community wellness job and create consciousness of wellness related jobs among them.After completion of Master s plan I would wish to obtain a PhD grade in Environmental Health so that I can go on my research in the related field.Analyzing Environmental Health at Boston University will be really esteemed and I am peculiarly excited by its accomplishment focused course of study, diverse expertness, outstanding module, multicultural environment in campus and extended practicum chances in this field.As a doctor I am in a alone place of steering the wellness attention squad. I am excited that if I get into the plan I would hold the chance to lend to the bequest of Boston University s School of Public Health plan.Finally, I believe that being an academician in a reputed university will function my ultimate calling dream as a research worker where I could be working towards the benefit of the society.The chance to prosecute my alumnus survey in Boston University will move as the origin of my dream towards a successful hereafter.

My Autobiography Essay

MY AUTOBIOGRAPHYI am Gene Geralde Gonzales, I was natural on May 2, 1971 at Baguio City, Philippines. We are seven siblings in the family. I am the seventh child. My mothers name is Fe Geralde Gonzales, she is from Cebu City and my acquires name is Mario Dy Gonzales, he is from Legaspi, Albay. I took my elementary education as well as my secondary education at Saint Louis give lessons of Campo Filipino located at Naguilian Road Baguio City. I grant a happy childhood living with my parents and with my siblings. During weekends, we usually spend our day in the park. And we cooperate each other in our daily activities. My family is a happy and a loving family.During my high school days, I usually spend my free condemnation in the library together with my friends. Our school is exclusively for girls and because of that I find it hard to communicate with the opposite sex. We usually spend our pass vacation in the hometown of my mother, which is located at Minglanilla Cebu City. My hobbies are reading books, biking, watching movies and overly cross stitching. I also spend my free time hanging out with my friends. My hallucination was to become a nurse. I was able to pass the entrance examination given at Saint Louis University and I had my first year as a nursing student. I wasnt able to pass one of the major subjects. I have to transfer to another school. I had to take a summer class for my back subject at Pines City Educational Center and from that time I continued my studies and graduated in the year 1992 with a bachelor-at-arms of Science in Nursing. After graduation, I have my self review and took the exam for Civil Service Professional Level, wherein I was able to pass the exam. By the year 1993, together with my college friends we went to Manila to have our review and took our board exam for nursing. While waiting for the result of the board exam, I worked as a declare oneself nurse at Antamok Mines.My interpersonal skills and nursing skills were de veloped during my stay at Antamok Mines Hospital. After I passed the Board Exam for Nurses, by the year 1994, I worked as a unavowed duty nurse employed by Miss Cheen Tan, wherein I took tuition of her father, who is 82 years of age and with Parkinsons disease. I aid him with his daily activities, give him bath and feed him, and also I make sure to take all his medications in time. My salary as a private duty nurse is not enough to support my family financially so I decided to apply as a caretaker in Taiwan. By walk 1996, I went to work in Taiwan. It was my first time tolive away from my family. I had a hard time in adjusting to a new environment, with contrary culture and dialect as well. After six calendar months, I can communicate with the family members of my employer in Mandarin, their native language and also I can do well with my daily activities especially cooking their Chinese dishes. I worked as a domestic garter and as a caretaker. My employer has seven family membe rs. I took care of my employers mother who is a stroke patient, 87 years of age and a hemiplegic.I assist her to sit in the wheel chair and also give her daily bath. I worked there for three years. My employer wanted me to extend my contract, but unfortunately that time only three years is the maximum unless I changed my passport and use another name. I enjoyed working in Taiwan because my employer treated me not as a domestic helper but as one of their family members. I went back home to Philippines. By January 2001, I applied in Dubai as a private duty nurse, employed by clotheshorse Marwan Maktoum Bin Al Maktoum. I worked in a royal family where in I took care of their first child. We are three people looking later on her, two registered nurses and one registered midwife. I worked there until December 2004. By February 2005, I was hired to work as trainer at Philippine Caretaker Training Center. It is a training center for females who want to work in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Sin gapore as a domestic helper.I worked there until June 2006. By July 2006, I took a month course of reflexology at AKSEM Homes Foundation and by August 2006 I worked there as a reflexology therapist until December 2006. On January 1, 2007 I was employed as a trainer at Cebu Asia Training Specialist Inc. located at Dian, Makati City. It was a training center for females who wants to work as a domestic helper for Hong Kong. By September 16, 2007 until October 25, 2011, I worked as a staff nurse in Dar Elhekma Clinic located in Salihia Street, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. After working in Saudi Arabia for 4 years I decided to go home since both of my parents passed away in the same year. I spend my whole smell working for my family especially for my parents, because they are sick and they need to take medication for their maintenance. After I came home from Saudi Arabia, with my savings my family house was renovated.I have to work to support myself and my two sisters by August 13, 2012, I was re-hired as a trainer in Philippine Caretaker Training and Assessment Center Inc. I worked there until June 29, 2013. I resigned because of the poor management the managertends to bring down the staff instead of encouraging them to grow professionally. My plan is to save for my future since I have no family and I am single.

Effects of Corruption in the Military

It is surprising to hear from the news nowadays that the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) tops the list of the countrys to the highest degree corrupt organizations. It seems like gone were the days when the Philippine National Police (PNP) hugs the limelight as the most rotten egg on the lot. With the current enmity hugging the countrys Armed Forces, the amount that the PNPs Euro Generals took with them in their travels looked like some loose change as compared to those amassed by the AFP comptrollers and former(prenominal) chiefs of staff.Even the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs, whose names used to be synonymous to graft and turpitude, seemed to have faded in the background to turn over authority to the AFPs moment. They are talking about hundreds of millions here, and that is not yet the total amount. much names have yet to be named. More funds have yet to be accounted for. And as the author says, it is alarming that the people just dont seem to ca re. But how and why would they? Is decomposition a new tax return in this country? Is this the first time a government agency got involved in a corruption skip?Former Presidents Marcos, Aquino, Ramos and Erap had had their times under the limelight. Even those presidents before them were, and people were so affected back then, thus the birth of EDSA 1, 2 and 3 and the numerous r tot in allyies and coup detat attempts in the past. Then GMA entered the scene and brought with her the Hello Garci scandal, the fertilizer scam, the ZTE Fiasco. The list went on and on. And nothing was resolved, and the former economist for a president was not charged with anything, and she went on to serve (if thats a fitting term) for a full, long nine years.Now is it a wonder if people just dont arrest a damn? If they just choose to go on with their own lives and continue earning a living amidst the drama of Reyes suicide and all the brouhaha of the senate perceive? It is probably because they have already got used to the idea that corruption happens in this country as often as a child is being born(p) every three minutes in the world. And despite the numerous hearings in the senate, nothing had been resolved so far. People are fed up with the continual news on how taxpayers money got squandered by those in the government.Protests in EDSA, at one time, became a fad. Now it seemed to have lost its symbols too. Graft and corruption became a daily staple for the Filipino people, thanks to the media that focuses on whatevers big for the day. Reports and investigations go on for a few days, until another issue overshadows it and pushes it under the rug. As such, corruption in the military is not a surprise for the Filipinos, but just an addition to the pile of dirt being hurled close to every now and then. Unlike the rest of the country, however, the controversy surrounding the AFP saddens me.I had always been fascinated with the men in uniform. I wanted to give them, but my h eight didnt permit me to. I even wanted to marry a soldier, (well, I got a chance, but it just didnt construct out). Seeing the organization I so admired all these years being torn to pieces by media whores and grandstanding hungry politicians makes me cringe. It is because having worked close to these people made me visualise their plights, their hardships, their devotions, and their professionalism (or at least those that I worked closely with).But the reports of corruption in the military should not be downplayed either, nor should it be buried together with former foreman of Staff and DND Secretary Angelo Reyes, who killed himself following the bullying of two senators an underclass and a son of a former president whom he chose to betray on the so-called EDSA 2. Corruption in the AFP should not be a sympathy case now that a body lies cold and lifeless inside a coffin. (Considering the forgiving attitude of the Filipino people, this is not far from happening).It should not sp are the grieving wife too, considering how she enjoys living in a lavish house which facial expression expenses came, as the allegations say, from the AFP funds, which could have been used or else to increase the foot soldiers hazard pays. The issue should be given a close scrutiny, an investigation that is unbiased, objective, fair, and as much as possible, far from the publics eyes. Some people argue that Reyes has yet to be convicted at the time of his death, and thus, should not be tagged a criminal but instead a hero considering what he did for the country during in his lifetime.But as the saying goes, a thousand salutary deeds can be overshadowed by a single evil act. And theres no smoke if theres no fire. in that location are material proofs that exist, which, however I try to think of other possibilities on how they acquired those I really could not find an answer. An OFWs salary is way higher than that of a general, yet very few could afford to send their wives to trav el abroad, so how could Mrs. Reyes get to the US and back several times in a month and even accompanied by a comptrollers wife and other friends?How could she afford to shop for properties in America with scarcely 40 or 50 thousand pesos a month and some grants as her husbands take home pay? Or is it the allowance that matters more and not the salary? But uncovering the truth behind these things is out of my business and is beyond my capability. I am but a holy spectator to this drama that profit-oriented TV stations shove in me. But this does not mean that I could not feel the demoralizations of the lower ranking enlisted force in the fields.Because there they are, patrolling the fields in search of the enemies on foot with heavy backpacks containing the provisions for the mission on their backs, or at the sea patrolling the amniotic fluid in pitch darkness aboard an outdated craft, or flying in planes dubbed as widow makers. The hundreds of millions in pesos told to have bee n amassed by these generals could have alter the provisions for the soldiers on patrol, or could have bought the Navy a decent sea vessel, or could have been used to buy a new aircraft instead of the usual junks from the US that the Air Force usually acquire. They have the lack of funds as the usual excuse.Sad indeed. Prior to killing himself, Reyes said that he did not invent corruption that he just walked into it. What a statement from a supposedly intellectual man Even an elementary student would brandish its head and say, how come he did not do anything to change it when he got the power and the capabilities to do so? But it is too late to ask him for hes already dead. But Reyes death did not solve anything (unless all of his colleagues and counterparts would follow suit). It only made the people forget for a while. After all the ceremonies at the wake, the tears that were shed, and all the intricacies of his burial, the issue still emains unsolved the soldiers in the field a re still struggling, the AFPs equipment and facilities are still dilapidated. And Reyes family, and that of Ligots, and of Garcias, and all the comptrollers, budget officers, generals and chiefs of staff involved in the corruption, still live lavishly and comfortably inside their posh homes and mansions, here and overseas. And Reyes was buried at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani. such a farce, a big farce. Although I am not a fan of the current president, I am keeping my hopes high in his strife against corruption.I wish, I ardently do, that he would be able to curb corruptions in the AFP. If that would happen, he would reignite the fire of devotion in the lower-ranking soldiers hearts, as well as those whose idealism did not die as they reached the mainstream. But until the day comes that the AFP could punish those that trampled its name, it will remain the way it is today, an organization looking so stiff and brave at the outside, but is actually crumbling inside caused by relentless gnawing by the greedy and gluttonous few. In the end, it is the nation that is at the losing end.

Experiment with Diffusion Essay

IntroductionThe movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of less concentration is called Diffusion. Osmosis is the diffusion of wet through a selectively permeable membrane from an area with greater concentration of weewee to an area with less concentration. A Hypertonic Solution is a solution of a higher concentration of solutes and a smaller concentration of water molecules than another solution. However, an Isotonic Solution is a solution that contains an equal concentration of solutes and of water molecules, the homogeneous as another solution. A solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water molecules than another solution is called a hypotonic Solution. A cell that has a Selectively Permeable Membrane has a plasma membrane that allows certain substances to pass through more readily than others.From this I have come up with a hypothesis of what give happen with the 2 bags. The one containing fresh wat er and put into salt water go forth lose weight, based on a Hypertonic Solution stated above. However, the bag containing salt water and put in fresh water will gain weight based on the Hypotonic Solution also stated above.Procedure1.First we folded one side of the membrane-like bag we were given and tied it take out over the folded part.2.Then we filled it 2/3 full of fresh water and tied the other end shut, and weighed it.3.Next we weighed it and put the bag into the saltwater.4.After that, we did Steps 1, 2, and 3, except, we filled the bag 2/3 full with saltwater, weighed it, and put it into freshwater.5.After about 30 minutes we went back and took both bags out and weighed them.ResultsBefore we placed the bags in the salt and fresh water we weighed them. The bag filled with freshwater weighed 18.3 grams and the bag containing the saltwater weighed about 23.9 grams. After they had soaked in their rightful waters for about half an hour we weighed them again. The freshwater wei ghed 16.2 grams and had sustained an 8.9% decrease of weight. The saltwater weighed 25.1 grams and had attained a 9.5% increase of weight.ConclusionWell, the freshwater bag lost weight through the Hypertonic Solution theorem. Because in that respect was no salt in it, the fresh water left the cell to mix with the salt outside its cell. No salt molecules could get in, in return. The saltwater bag had gained weight during the 30 minute time period. It had done this through the Hypotonic Solution theorem. The freshwater outside the bag(cell) had entered it because there werent many water molecules inside the cell. Causing the bag filled with saltwater to gain weight.

How Does Movement Contribute to the Development of the Child

How does movement contribute to the development of the child? The capacity to move agree to will is what distinguishes man and animals from the vegetable world. Movement is an essential part of life and it helps to create the means for subjecting motion impulses to the will. The more developed a child is, the more obedient are his instrument of motion to his will. Nature teaches the child how to move about. The movement of the child season growing is different in each acquaint of his development. The children have different need for moving. These changes in attitude come by themselves and are independent of any educational influence.The proportions of the body of a child changes while his growth and it is necessary to observe their spontaneous movements in order to help them grow into their full potential. Even the way they take a rest in the midst of their continual movements differ from age to age. In Montessori schools the children are provided with small rugs or little table s, according to their need for working on the ground or seated. By a habit of work, a child learns to move his hands and arms o strengthen his muscles more than he does finished ordinary gymnastics. The work is sassy and not tiring to a child, because of the interest he takes in all his movements.Work is a natural exercise, since the child will have some object for his movements. In Montessori schools, the objects that are used for practical life of a child have no scientific purpose. The number of these objects depends on the resources of the school and the time the child spends in the school each day. If the school has a garden, weeding the plants, gathering the ripe fruits etc can be an interesting work for the child. Likewise, setting the table, serving the meals, eating properly, washing the cups and plates, smooth the shoes, tidying the classroom etc also will contribute to the practical exercise for the child.The teacher should open up the way for the children to do the wo rk and should never discourage them through lack of confidence. The capacity for work of a child should not be estimated according to his age, he should be given a chance to prove himself. vastness should be given to educate a child in movement, practical activities are simply external incentive to educational process, they provides a motive and conjure the child to organize his movements. It is important to educate a child in movement and we should know that practical activities provide a motive to the child to align his movements.

Perodua Company Assignment Essay

The automotive sector is a key industry in a Malaysian economy. There atomic number 18 given major challenge facing the automotive manufacturing, in compulsive globalization, liberalization and growing competition, there is a must to evaluate the tactical trend and the competitive avail for the domestic automotive sector. This study undertakes to explore the environmental factors that ar likely to influence the tradeing proceeding in PERODUA Malaysia. Perodua does not contend with Proton for the similar market position because Perodua by and large produce small-compact railcars. . In Malaysia Perodua is guerrilla automobile manufacturer which after Proton. PERODUA is a leading automotive firm in the local automotive industry, with aspirations of becoming a global organization. Founded in 1993, PERODUA has grown from a company offering a integrity invention into a strong and dynamic Group such as the Perodua Kancil deluxe 1994The Perodua Rusa March 1996The Perodua Kembar a August 1998The Perodua Kenari June 2000The Perodua Kelisa August 2001The Perodua Myvi May 2005The Perodua Viva May 2007The Perodua Nautica 4WD May 2008The Perodua Alza November 2009SUPPLIERSA contributory wholly-owned by Daihatsu (M) Sdn Bhd, DMM gross revenue Sdn Bhd was formed in 1994. Since then, DMM Sales have successfully established as the major merchant of Perodua vehicles in Malaysia, with sales/service outlets in most of the states. Factor study and hierarchical regression study atomic number 18 used to approve the theoretical model and to test the proposed hypotheses in the study. The findings showed that gender, level of income, level of education and eon have impact on car buying pattern.These hypotheses are accepted product, price and progress skill have signifi sesst influence on the cars purchased. Perodua Circle (previously recognized as Kelab Automotif Perodua Malaysia) was founded in 1998 with the main documentary offostering better relationship bet ween Perodua and its vehicle owners. We are pleased to inform that Kelab Automotif Perodua Malaysia (KAPMA) has been rebranded with a more(prenominal) vibrant new identity. KAPMA is now known as PERODUA CIRCLE. The Perodua Circle members also benefit from activities such as car care workshop, factory visit, treasure hunt, bowling tournament and many more.MARKET CHANNELCustomers mostly look at cost and functionality when deciding which car to purchase. Running costs are an important consideration, curiously as a result of the recession and the squeeze on incomes. Relationship marketing is marketing broadcast or strategy to protect an existing customer base through an ongoing process by creating new value for customer. Relationship marketing ensures a loyal base of customer. As the relationship develops the buyers starts to odour safe with the supplier and thus trust is developing.The main input of this study is towards better perceptive of kick in car market in Malaysia would ben efit the academicians, manufacturers and car sellers in knowing the impacts of outside factors on car purchaser buying pattern and the importance of family member in influencing cars purchases. A firms designe section objectives provide eventually be high relatedsome leave behind enhance each another(prenominal) while others will compete. For example, as we have discussed, more exclusive and higher service distribution will generally entail less intensity and lesser reach. Cost has to be traded off against speed of pitch and intensity (it is much more expensive to have a product available in dodge stores than in supermarkets, for example).For a company it is very necessary to have updated date and to have a good watch and to assess the ever changing environment around them. There are 2 types of environment and there are Micro Environment and Macro Environment.MICRO ENVIRONMENTMicro environment factors are factors close to a business that have a direct impact on its business trading operations and success. Before deciding corporate strategy businesses should carry out a full analysis of their small environment. As all businesses need customers, they should be Centered(Orientated) around customers. The firms marketing plan should aim to attract and retain customers through products that meets their wants and needs and excellent customer service. Employing staff with relevant skills and have it a vogue is essential. This process begins at recruitment stage and continues throughout an employees employment via ongoing training and promotion opportunities.Suppliers provide businesses with the materials they need to carry out their business activities. A suppliers behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. For example if a supplier provides a poor service this could add-on timescales or product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organizations Marketing Mix strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier rela tionships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products. While for the micro environment consists of 6 factors in PERODUA such as customer, company, competitors, supplier, Marketing Intermediaries & public.CUSTOMERCustomer can be divided into 5 types such as consumer market, business market, reseller market, Government market & global market. The consumer market in Perodua manufacturing shows that Perodua lodge comes with varies vehicles that are able to attract buyers particularly these who want an reasonable yet efficient vehicle. The company mostly targets on individuals or family who want to buy worth car at a quality as Perodua Company sets up the prices that are sensible and affordable by most consumers. Perodua Myvi is product on May 2005 by Perodua Company which is one of the examples for individual or family use. Besides that the business market is the companies which buy goods and services are to be used in the production id other goods For instan ce, Perodua Company buys the parts from other countries but the solicitation is done in Malaysia.The companies that purchases the goods or services and resell the product without making any changes to it. For examples, Perodua dealers get the manufacture goods from the main company and finally distribute to them without making any changes of the cars. For government market they may relent for it to be used it in the production of goods and services. For example, the model of Perodua Myvi, Perodua Kancil, Perodua Viva are provided to the government for the use of field of study Parade Day. The products used for the use of the government to carry on with thegovernment duties. For international market, Perodua Myvi purchases for the overseas market such as United Kingdom, Singapore, Brunei, Fiji, Nepal and Sri Lanka.COMPANYThis segment is about the togetherness which should be there among all departments so that the product will be delivered to the customer in the desired time. This process will be an partial process if there are disagreements between departments, which will result in a delay of not delivering the product to the customer on time.MACRO ENVIRONMENTMacro Environment contains external forces that an organization cant directly control, instead organizations need to manage their macro environment in a way that benefits them. A expletive analysis is used to identify the external forces affecting an organization/making up its Macro Environment. This is a simple analysis of an organizations Political, Economical, Social and Technological environment. A PEST analysis incorporating legal and environmental factors is called a PESTLE analysis.

Quantitative Research Essay

Introduction Quantitative explore has been a numerical re precedeation as closely as manipulation of the observations for the objective ab aside describing and explaining phenomena, which these observations reflect (Babbie, 2007). This has been used in lot of natural as easily as social sciences, which includes biology, physics, sociology, psychology as sound as geology. Research project where numerical interrogation would be most appropriate Research is an orderly investigation of the subject matter for endeavor of adding to the knowledge.With-in realm of the educational planning, several things have been always changing like structures of education systems, curriculums as considerably as text-books, mode of teaching, techniques of teachers training, amount as well as kind of prep to the schools like science laboratory, furniture, text-books, class-room supply, and so on. Widely used way to classify educational investigate accept is for defining opposite kinds of resea rch according to the types of information which they give. There have been several kinds of education research studies as well as there have been number of ways, in which they endure be classified.The studies can be classified according to the topic where-by specific phenomena which have being investigated be used for sort out the studies. In the research on problems have been concerned with the educational planning, major educational research challenge may be subsumed under the three numeric research techniques like correlational, descriptive as well as causal. So in the education planning quantitative research would be most appropriate Quantitative research usually uses techniques that are adopted from physical sciences, which have been designed towards ensuring the reliability, generalizability as well as objectivity.Such techniques include the techniques in which the research participants have been selected one by one from instruct population in the un-biased manner, stan dardized questionnaire or the intervention that they receive as well as statistical techniques used for testing the pre-determined hypotheses in regard to relationships in between particular variables. Researchers have been considered external towards unquestionable research as well as results have been expected so as to be replicable no matter which has conducted a research.Strengths of a quantitative paradigm have been that their techniques produce reliable as well as quantifiable data, which have been often generalizable towards little large population. Quantitative measures have been usually a lot proper to conduct the requirements assessments and for evaluations comparing the results with a baseline data. Five quantitative methods There have been different kinds of quantitative research. For example they may have been classified as the survey research, descriptive, correlational research, causal comparative degree research as well as experimental research. All the methods are having their own typical features. trace Survey has been defined as the technique about collecting the standardized information through with(predicate) interviewing the congressman sample about certain population. In many cases the surveys includes direct contact with a population in the investigations (Chanimal, 1996). Descriptive Descriptive research includes collecting the data so as to test the hypotheses and answer the questions relating to the present status of subjects of a study. Correlational Correlational research determines if and to what degree the relationship prevails in between 2 as well as more quantifiable variables.Cause comparative Causal comparative research often establishes cause-effect relationship as well as it besides compares relationship tho cause expertness not manipulated, like gender. Experimental Experimental research usually establishes cause-effect relationship as well as does a comparison however cause has been manipulated. Cause, is the indep endent variable which makes a difference. Effect, is the dependent variable which is found on independent variable. Most appropriate method Survey research has been general in studies of the health as well as health services.Term survey has been used in lot of methods however often it refers to a selection of the much larger sample of the people by the pre determined population, which is followed through collection of the much smaller amount of the data by these individuals. Thus researcher uses information by the sample about individuals towards making few inferences about a wider population. General problem with the quantitative methodologies bureau in which the quantitative research might fail is if we are willing to explore the problem in a depth.Any quantitative research has been good in giving the information in comprehensiveness by the larger no. of units. However, if we are willing to explore the problem as well as concept in a depth, the quantitative methods have too sh allow. For actually getting in the phenomenon, we are required to go for the ethnographic techniques, the interviews, in depth case studies as well as former(a) qualitative methods. Recommendations for fixing a problem What if we have been doing when we are willing to look at both the breadth as well as the depth, or at both the causality and the meaning?In such situations, this has been best for using the so called the mixed technique design in that we uses both the quantitative for instance, the questionnaire as well as the qualitative for instance, no. of the case studies techniques. Mixed technique research has been a flexible approach in which research design has been determined through what we require finding out than through any pre-determined epistemological positions. In the mixed technique research, the quantitative or the qualitative components may pre-dominate or both may have the equal status. Possible to Mix the Quantitative MethodologiesIntegrating the quantitative re search techniques lends the depth as well as clarity towards the social marketing programs. The combination of approaches has been coercive due to the wide range about the data required to develop the effective communications. But potential difference for the problems prevails while attempting towards feature a divergent research paradigm one can end up through not doing either kind of the research well. Such an integrative approach thus unavoidably the research team with an expertise in both kinds of techniques. Using the so many approaches may also be very time consuming, lot much labor intensive as well as expensive.Other obstacle that would probably change as the social marketing gains in the usage has been that combining the multiple techniques has been still not accepted lot much as the viable research strategy, token(prenominal) in the main-stream of the public health circles. Conclusion To conclude, this paper describes the research project in which the quantitative res earch might be most appropriate. There have been different kinds of quantitative research. For example, they have been classified as the survey research, correlational research, experimental research and causal comparative research as well as descriptive.

Radiotherapy Treatment Cancerous Diseases Clinac Health And Social Care Essay

Radiotherapy handling has a important and critical axial rotation in the intercession of cancerous unhealthinesss. Different types of proficiencys were utilise for this intent. In past, conventional irradiation therapy therapy technique was employ. But it did non efficaciously used for intervention of tumours located in sensitive countries of homo organic construction which have limited tolerance for radiation supermans 1 .Modern twenty-four hours radiation therapy consists of 3D conformal radiation therapy and military group modulated radiation therapy ( IMRT ) . by and by the development of oculus position show of scape, 3D conformal radiation therapy was used for clinical intent in 1978. 2 ( Reinstein et Al. ( 28 ) and McShan et Al )In 3D conformal radiation therapy, bewilder the graduate(prenominal) doses to aim volume while determining the beam to minimise the venereal infection to the environing normal tissues. To block the inauspicious effects of radiatio ns during intervention, protect the normal tissues by determining the intervention Fieldss with lead blocks 12 . In this procedure, 3D image computing machine imaging and magnetic resonance imagination ( CT, MRI ) argon used to turn up the tumours and other septic variety meats accurately 13 . In this technique we could non used more than four intervention theater of operations programs before the development of MLCs in CLINAC 14 . After the development of MLCs, it is possible to protect the normal tissues by determining the intervention Fieldss to present the mel deplorable doses to the grudge volume accurately.In some instances like prostate, caput and cervix, it is impossible to salvage normal tissues during the bringing of juicy energy dosage to the tumour even by utilizing the 3D conformal technique 15 . For this intent a new technique Intensity modulated radiation therapy was introduced. In this technique, a affected role is treated from a figure of different wa ies by utilizing a non unvarying intense beam. In IMRT technique, it is possible to present the high doses to aim volume while determining the beam to minimise the dosage to the environing normal tissues. It is achieved by utilizing compensators, cuneuss or MLCs. 16 IMRT techniques be dearly-won and significantly complex than 3D CRT.In radiation therapy intervention, radiations are used for malignant neoplastic malady intervention by canceling the healthy tissues. These radiations destroy malignant neoplastic disease infected cells wholly. Generally radiation beams of X raies, gamma beams, and electrons are used during intervention of malignant neoplastic disease diseases. In radiation therapy, assorted types of machines are used for the intervention of malignant neoplastic disease tumours by utilizing high energy photons and negatron beams 1 .In early 1900 s, ace electromotive forte and low energy X raies machines were used for malignant neoplastic disease intervention. But these machines could non handle the deep sitting tumours due to their hapless deepness dose dispersal 2 . In 1950s, with the development of first interoperable mega-voltage machine Co-60, it was possible to handle deep seated tumours with photons. As the scratch line of radiation in Co-60 social unit has no point beginning, so its dimensions produce the geometric and transmittal penumbra. 3 Due to this penumbra, the dose diffusion is non unvarying at the field border. Therefore Co-60 unit does non supply the ideal deepness dose dispersal at the field edges.After the development of magnetron or klystrons, microwave tubings, charge atoms were accelerated by high frequence electromagnetic moving ridges through these tubings. For this intent foremost analogue gas ride were authentic in 1950s. 4 In 1953 first medical linear gas pedal was used in Hammersmith Hospital in London 5 . At the beginning, accurate bringing of radiations to septic cells of a patient was major j ob. To decide this job, British Institute of Radiology ( BIR ) compiled a scarlet tanager axis dose distribution informations, published in British diary of Radiology ( BJR ) supplement 5 in 1953. 1 clinical additive gas pedal ( CLINAC ) is a megavoltage machine with less geometric and transmittal penumbra, used for malignant neoplastic disease intervention 6 . Clinical additive gas pedal has quickly better its design and engineering with the transition of clip. A modern twenty-four hours computing machine visualiseled clinical additive gas pedals with double energy and multileaf collimators ( MLC ) technique provides fast, more accurate and precise dose bringing to the malignant neoplastic disease infected cells by avoiding the normal environing tissues 7 . It provides both negatrons and X-ray photons of assorted mega electromotive force energy scopes. In modern twenty-four hours additive gas pedal, high energy negatrons are produced which are used for superficial tumours. T hese negatrons are besides used to bring forth high energy x beams which are used for deep sitting tumours 8 .The Role of Medical PhysicistsThe medical physicists essential range through following duties before choice of CLINACTo develop demands, particularisedations and recommendations for the choice of the CLINACTo program and supervise the building installations including cover charge design to house the CLINAC.To supervise all the installing processsTo escape creed testing of the machineTo execute commissioning of the machine for clinical intentTo come in all stay put informations during commissioning into intervention planning systemTo set up new processs for the effectual and safety usage of gas pedalTo set up processs for quality confidence and quality control on the day-to-day footingAcceptance TestAfter the installing of radiation therapy machine, for credence trial a series of undertakings and measurings must execute to verify the specifications and safety criteri on. In credence trial, physicists must verify three chief processsSafety chequesMechanical chequesDosimetry measuringsIn safety cheques, the medical physicists must verify that all interlocks and warning visible radiations are proper operation. In mechanical cheques, it must sanction that all the parts of intervention unit including intervention tabular array are accurately working. In dosimetry measurings, specifications and uniformity of photon and negatron beams verified.CommissioningAfter complete and satis fixingsy credence trial, it is non possible to utilize clinical additive gas pedal ( CLINAC ) straight for intervention intent. All informations acquired during the credence proving are non sufficient to committee a radiation therapy machine in the intervention planning system.Commission is the procedure of fixing the processs, protocols, instructions and dosimetry informations for clinical prospectus. AAMP codification of pattern for gas pedals ( TG 45 ) provides elaborate information about all these commissioning processs and besides discuses the demands for specific beam informations. All measurings of commissioning should be made by to the full trained and qualified medical physicist.During commissioning, following undertakings must be achieved.Acquire all informations for external beam radiation therapy for intervention intent. engineer all informations into a dosimetry informations bookEnter all information into the intervention planning system ( TPS ) excogitate all intervention planning processsVerifying the truth of all processsEstablish quality control processs rearing all individualsMachine-specific beam informations for commissioning is extremely betent on the dose calculation- algorithms used in the intervention planning system. The model-base dose calculation-algorithms ( convolution/superposition ) require much less metric informations than correction-based algorithms ( tantamount TAR, etc. ) . Irrespective of the dose calculation-al gorithm, it is necessary to hold a minimal dataset for several energy scopes of photon and negatron beams that includes part deepness dosage ( unfastened, cuneus ) for several field sizesOff axis unfastened and wedge beam profiles ( cross plane, In plane ) for all field sizesEnd production factorsWedge factors ( difficult and pragmatic )Calibrated dose rateEffective beginning to come up withdrawnness ( merely for negatron )It is ensured that all beam and dosimetry informations acquired during commissioning of CLINAC must compare with all the specifications and published informations of the same available theoretical account.It is strongly recommended that all the processs of commissioning must be carefully executed and planned because all the get beam informations is used for patient s intervention. Therefore, for completion of all undertakings and measurings in commissioning, an appropriate clip tabular array must be scheduled. All the undertakings achieved during commissioning procedure of CLINAC can be estimated to necessitate 1 to 2 hebdomad per energy.Percentage Depth DosePercentage deepness dosage is be as the ratio of absorbed dosage at any depth D on the cardinal axis of beam to absorbed dosage at Dmax multiplied by 100. ( F. Khan )Percentage deepness dosageIt depends upon a figure of parametric quantities beam energy, beam collimation, deepness D, field size degree Fahrenheit, and beginning to come up distance ( SSD ) .Beam ProfileThe uniformity of off axis deepness dosage normally called beam profile is calculated by scanning the H2O apparition for assorted deepnesss both beam axes. Following parametric quantities are measured to look into the uniformity of the beam profiles.Two-dimensionalityTwo-dimensionality can be specified as a maximal deductible per centum fluctuation from the norm dose across the cardinal 80 % of the full breadth at fractional maximal ( FWHM ) of the profile in a plane transverse to the beam axis. That is, the two-dime nsionality F is given up byTwo-dimensionality must be less than 3 % for mention field size 10 ten 10 atomic number 96 measurings in H2O apparition at deepness of 10 centimeter and beginning to surface ( SSD ) .SymmetrySymmetry is frequently defined as a maximal allowable per centum divergence of the left-side dosage from the right-side dosage of a beam profile frequently at 80 % of the FWHM points.Symmetry must be less than 2 % for mention field size 10 ten 10 centimeter measurings at deepness of Dmax and 10 centimeter in H2O apparition at SSD 100 centimeter.Physical PenumbraThe penumbra, by and elephantine defined as the sidelong distance between the 80 % and 20 % of upper limit dose points on one side of a beam profile, must be within specification. It depends upon deepness, SSD, beginning size, beginning to collimator distance and beam energy. ( Ervin page196 ) Since commissioning beam informations are treated as a mention and eventually used by intervention be aftering s ystems, it is vitally of import that the collected informations are of the highest quality to avoid dosi metric and patient intervention mistakes that may later take to a hapless radiation result.Output FactorEnd product is defined as the ratio of the end product in air for a given field to that for a mention field. It is the merchandise of collimator spread factor and apparition spread factor. It depends upon field size. It increases with field size. It is measured for each field size at a fixed deepness Dmax.Wedge FactorThe cuneus factor is defined as the ratio of dosage at a specified deepness normally Dmax on the cardinal axis with the cuneus in the beam to the dosage under the same status without the cuneus. Wedge factor alterations at deepness as a map of cuneus angle fading coefficient and field size. It does non depend on deepness. Wedge factor for practical cuneus is one because the figure of monitor units entered at control console, are delivered at the cardinal axis.

Personal Position paper on Psychotherapy Essay

IntroductionPeople be ceaselessly changed by disasters, and separate sprightliness events,but they need non be damaged by them. -John D. weaverbird When we study human style, specifically snaping on the development of mortalality and crucial to how a somebody or singular conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The excogitation of genius is central to our attempt to apprehend ourselves and opposites and is part of the way in which we account for the differences that contribute to our non-homogeneous(prenominal)ity. Psychologists sport been particularly concerned with shaping of the temperament in relation to genetic and environ intellectual influences. We take a crap been fortunate that the study of human personality has been well-to-do and fruitful. We fuck choose from as m whatsoever models we can to help us see ourselves part and carry on well(p) relationships. In the course of our study, every individual counselor therapist eventuall y develops his/her own burn down in the remedy plow. The path that the practician takes concerning his/her choice of flack or model depends a exercise set on his/her own personal preferences, personality and witnessing of human nature. An eclectic approach is usually the concern that anyone in this line of products would take however, certain emphasis is do on or so specific positions scarcely because these are the dominant theories which help guide him/her in focusing the intrinsics of the process with the leaf node. Though the attempt is verbalize to be eclectic past, the therapist shut apart has this clear-cut option to change or vary some details of his/her strategy along the course of the interaction or discussion phases.Discussion on that point is a need for integration not yet for its supposititious applicability but as well for its realistic usefulness. Presuppositions or philosophical conceptualizations are the pillars of any worldview, and to succ essfully establish a untested one requires that changes or reinforcements be made at this plane. The integrative approaches were framed at this level so as to hold mental oppositions as they arise every time in ones thoughts. When this is not adequately bulge out down, no audience can align their thoughts or under boothing with what the author tries to stupefy. This report card is an attempt to convey a personal understanding of human behavior in the context of psycho redress approaches that are circumscribed for use by the author. It appreciates the accomplishments of the various approaches such as Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Existential, Humanistic, Family Systems, Gestalt and Client- center on developments in the profession. The following reflects the views of the author in the meliorate process of the mind and emotions. Key Concepts of My Approach It is at that placefore expected that though at this point I value the primary theories or perspecti ves that I am thus enumerating afterwards, this also implies that I am open to the various developments that are expectedly to occur in my dress in the future. Since this is an eclectic approach at employing strategies I have found to be beneficial personally and that of others, I wish to mention many another(prenominal) of these in the following statements. I am persuaded further that key elements or themes are found all passim my own version of the approach. The smaller yet finer points behave only in the amid. For the thrust that this paper is taking, I wish to mention and so my views individually, on Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Existential, Humanistic, Family Systems, Gestalt and Client-Centered approaches. Behavioral Therapy This model utilizes what is termed as the schooling speculation posited by Skinner and Watson and the rest of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i.e., conditioning (Associative and Operant) are effective center to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is focused on the symptoms that a person is experiencing. Just as many of the errors of the patterns of behavior come from learning from the environs, it is also assumed that an individual pass on be fit to unlearn some if not all these by using the techniques as employ found on the learning principles. To a certain extent I believe that this still unanimous kit and boodle reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many population then I am incorporating this side separate or distinct from the Cognitive-Behavioral approach. In behavior therapy in that respectfore, thoughts, feelings and all those break and unwanted manifestations revealed in ones activities can be unlearned and the work of a behavior therapist.The basic concepts imply extinguishing utilized when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and removed and in their place habits that are he althy are established (developed and strengthened) in a series or modern approach called successive approximations. When these (factors) are reinforced such as through rewards in intrinsic and external essence, the potential of a more than secure and steady change in behavior is developed and unwaveringly established (Rubinstein et al., 20074 Corey, 2004). Although few psychologists today would regard themselves as strict behaviorists, behaviorism has been very influential in the development of psychology as a scientific control. There are different emphases within this discipline though.Some behaviorists contend plainly that the observation of behavior is the best or most expedient rule of exploring psychological and cognitive processes. Others consider that it is in reality the only way of examining such processes, while still others argue that behavior itself is the only appropriate subject of psychology, and that familiar psychological terms such as belief only refer to be havior. Albert Banduras cordial cognitive approach grew out of this movement. Banduras method acting emphasizes cognitive processes over and above observable behavior, concentrating on not only the influence of the persons upbringing for example, but also observation, imitation, and thought processes (Plotnik, 2005). Cognitive-Behavioral In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a lymph node or patient comes into the healing relationship and the peeers role is to change or transmute the latters malad undecomposeded or error-filled animadverting patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, unremitting reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits ladder to confusion, thwarting and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint that takes into considerat ion that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are incessantly left with no choice as many mountain think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist. With the approximation that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the knob is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. There is instantaneous residual from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible.The relief from the symptoms from the primary problem or issue will inspire the client to imagine or think that change is not unaccepted after all. In this model, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. Coaching the patient on the step by step procedure of CBT is a basic and of import ingredient. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be reorganized. For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Psychodynamic Therapy The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy cogni ze as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and often unconscious mind struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society.Not all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freuds original ideas, but most would view abnormal or problematic behavior as the conduce of a leave outure to resolve conflicts adequately. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a question have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rule that from Freuds camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). Existential Therapy The Existential approach, as rear forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individuals potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time. It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are estimable waiting to be tapped not only by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life.The Therapy is effective when the practitioner works with elderly care and death and dying issues. It focuses on the individual needs but takes into consideration the significant relationships and the meanings they bring into the persons life. Transcending the issues and problems are primary intentions of the therapist at the same time being realistic that certain limitations do exist and may retard the process of recovery (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Humanistic Therapy Allport, Bugental, Buhler, Maslow Rollo May, Murphy, Murray, Fritz Perls and Rogers are those that helped usher in the Humanistic theory and consequent therapy. It holds in view the individual as possessing the options or freedom to choose, creativity, and the capability to attain a state where he/she is more aware, freer, responsible and worthy of trust. Because the human mind has immense potential, the approach assesses as well that forces from the environment bear on with the individual and depending on the interplay that occurs within the individual person, the offspring will every be destructive or constructive to the person. In sum, humanism takes into the perspective that essentially humans are good and not evil, and that the therapy facilitates by harnessing on the human potential through the development of interpersonal skills. This results to an enhanced bore life and the individual becomes an asset rather than a liability to the society where he revolves in (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Family Systems Therapy This theoretical viewpoint has been the by-product of the works of Bateson, Minuchin, Bowen, Ackerman and many others. Usually done in pairs or by a team of practitioners, family systems therapy has its roots in behavioral and psychoanalytic principles. This model understands that the family is a unit and its members or any of its members with an issue or a problem must be addressed in the context of the family as a unit. It puts its emphasis on the relationships among the family members, their patterns of communication more than their individual traits and/or symptoms. The systems theory portion of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not isolated but is a working part of a bigger context. In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when removed from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is specially focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al., 200 7 Corey, 2004). Gestalt Therapy Gestalt therapy has this goal of reducing if not removing the symptoms with the rationale that the individual has personal responsibility and that the here-and-now experience is thus very valuable. This two-fold emphasis on the present implication as experienced by the person and that another reality is that our existence is entangled actually with other aspects and parts of the environment. It is when we understand that we are related with other things that insights to our issues are achieved and help us in purpose solutions to our existence. When we are free from the obstructions of things that are unfinished then we reduce the obstacles and enhance the opportunities to our optimal satisfaction and fulfillment and eventual growth (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Client-Centered Therapy Developed and known because of the works by one person Carl Rogers Client Centered Therapy focuses on the person who needs aid and his/her improvement dep ends on the client himself although with the facilitation and assistance of the therapist. The rationale for the counselor-at-law of the therapy lies in the notion that humans basically possess the ability to move towards the fulfillment of his/her possibilities. According to Rogers, Individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self-directed behavior these resources can be tapped if a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided (Rogers, 1980, p 115-117 in Rubinstein et al., 2007). This approach is very everyday today and many therapists usually incorporate this model into their own eclectic method. Rogers identified terzetto important concepts termed as conditions these are congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy. Many in the mental health circles have these in their day-to-day jargon. In the aforementioned conditions, a person moves toward what Roger s call constructive direction when these triad conditions are afforded. The Role of the Therapist I aspire to be a therapist counselor whose practice is characterized as empowering and collaborative. By empowering, I understand the limitations of my role and as such I am restrain at the same time to impart my best knowledge and efforts to enable my client/patient to understand him/herself, and lead the treatment to the point where he/she is able to stand on his/her own without my help anymore. Further, it means that I recognize the patient or client as a person who is not only complex, he/she is also is imbued with the nature that inherently can heal, grow and mature. They contribute to the process, and their attitude towards the whole continuation of the healing relationship is a crucial aspect to the attainment of their goals. The therapist then must remove by all means any barrier or obstruction to the achievement of goals especially when these come potentially from the therap ist him/herself (thats me).By collaborative, again because there are set limitations on my capacities, I recognize the availability and expertness of others in realms that I hardly know and that working with them, collaborating with them, gives my client more options, and provides him/her the best and comprehensive interjections that there is in the field. A therapy that is beneficial looks beyond my set style and preferences of diagnosis and treatment it is progressive and seeks to enhance the initial strategies that had been established and continually expands oneself by learning and researching. Most importantly, by collaboration, my client is the most significant collaborator and that notion should not be missed all passim (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).. The effectiveness of therapy in counselling is dependent substantially on two factors namely, the patients cooperation, and the expertise of the therapist. Many experts in the field of Psychology have observed the si gnificant contribution of the client to the over-all process. The individuals intuition of the therapist is extremely crucial to the ensuing treatment. Without the needed initial positive perception of the therapist on the part of the one seeking treatment, the whole process will not fall in a desired momentum that would set the entire scheme in a strategic stance. Of course, the expertise of the therapist is another major factor actually, the other half but its a presumption to the whole package of treatment (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Since a working alliance has to be established first earlier the actual treatment is administered, there are important or vital considerations for this working alliance between client and therapist to occur, and this is in prcis, the intentions of this paper. What we will be considering in this paper are the challenges that new therapists face as they practice their profession.The past baggage of the client. From any vantage point, t he level of trust by client on his therapist, whether that perception is based on attractiveness, trustworthiness or as someone who knows what he may be dealing with in terms of credentials, are valid, and is the utmost concern of the helping relationship. curse in the part of the client is necessary for the healing process. However, because the full ramifications of the issue almost always flexible joint on the perceptions of the client, the problems and hindrances need to be addressed or at least cited for clarity and deliberation at the outset of the relationship.As hinted above, the client may be bringing (emotional) baggage into their mutual involvement which may be due to prior engagements with other professionals in the therapeutic relations, whether positive or negative. Oftentimes, in many cases, these may be liaisons which were unsuccessful, distasteful or even traumatic for a few. The author pointed out that any form of future therapy will be affected due to these previ ous experiences, and it has to be dealt with right away at the outset (Horvath & Luborsky, 1993, p. 4). The fitness of the therapist By fitness, we mean sufficient, wide-ranging exposure, and right training to the large-minded of illness/es or disorder/s that he may be dealing. Even with age spent in the academe will not guarantee the development of skills in handling such complex and true-to-life situations or scenarios. At times, the theoretic skills acquired, instead of enabling the new therapist, may discourage or hamper the process. This means to say that the therapist must possess more than head-knowledge he should not allow his schooling to affect him to the extent that it made him conceited with no room for more learning especially when additional knowledge are available in the patient himself. He must also have the sensitivity to employ his gut-feeling to at times, direct the course of the therapy (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).Therapeutic relationships are almost always exhausting, but it will be an undesirable experience for the alliance partners when just one of them becomes disinterested, then as Luborsky pressed that reciprocity must be established, cultivated or maintained until the relationship is terminated, hopefully because the client is well (Horvath & Luborsky, 1993, p. 4).III. The Therapeutic Process The therapeutic process is initiated by the therapist primarily as presently as the client or others who refer or brought the patient in for the assumed long coerce of the healing relationship. It would be impossible to do all approaches at one time. By eclectic and as frequently stress, the usage of any of the methods will be dependent on the need of the patient, and other relevant information that help guide which of these the therapist will be using. The therapist then is enjoined to be able to diagnose well it is at this stage that any practitioner is well aware of the risks should he/she fail to diagnose properly the needs and or issues /problems of the client. However, as he/she matures and advances in the profession, many instances occur that the mistakes made in diagnosis are oftentimes corrected while at the treatment stage, hence the traits of tractability and humility (admitting mistakes for instance) are valued highly in this profession (Rogers, 1980, p 115-117 in Rubinstein et al., 2007). Employing the Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Existential, Humanistic, Family Systems, Gestalt and Client-Centered Eclectic stance primarily involves the incorporation of distinct concepts within a champion framework. The important thing is that of flexibility and resilience on my part when to apply or implement which of the theories in the context of my client. It starts with the identification of specific problems and especially the root causes. When this is confidently achieved, the therapist is actually midway to attaining his/her goals which includes not only the relief of the symptom s that the sufferer is currently experiencing but especially the reduction of the occurrence if not altogether eliminated.The specific treatment goals are as well as essential and it helps in the remaining aspects or levels of the process. The diagnostic part by itself in most cases is considered therapeutic since many clients have experienced immediate relief in the language of psychoanalysis, the cathartic effect is reformative already. In addition, another important ingredient in the process is to identify effective reinforcers which help people in crisis for instance or those in acute and chronic mental and emotional anguish to entertain their plan for change and control of their disorders. Helping the client set up a kind of self-help precaution program is a very effective strategy to pursue within the relationship (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).Identifying clients in crisis disdain breakthroughs in scientific researches and the success of many crisis interventions by established churches, there are fly by night operations which prey on funding of private and government groups on such types of operations. There are those who minister lacking the necessary spiritual maturity and corresponding abilities in this kind of endeavor, hence the necessity of proper credentials to minimize abuses in the profession (Buttman, p.59). Crucial to the treatment or interventions of people in crisis is the identification of clients experiencing crisis in life. Knowledge of the three core components of crisis intervention theory (a precipitating event, client perception of the event, and the clients usual coping methods) is essential in this kind of work (Walsh et al, 2005). The closing of Therapy Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years. Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terroris t strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved ones attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic force-out (Teller et al, 2006).The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with trickyy answer the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned in the for mer pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy.Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions fit to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized. It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e.g., learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a conspiracy of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). The Nature of the Relationship between the Therapist and the Client The client throughout the process is a person in need of help and support and this reality is throughout reinforced in the process until the need to terminate the relationship. The therapist is the helper, who ushers the client to discover insights into his needs and problems and until the client is able to stand on his/her own the therapist aids him/her in more ways than one. Because of usual and common abuses that either the client suffers or that the therapist at times undergoes, definite boundaries are set in place at the outset. This must be established at the initial stage and from time to time emphasized to mind either of the parties in the limits of the relationship. Th e therapist is guided by morality and ethics of his/her profession in the proper exercise of his/her duties and bound by law to implement this in the process and make this known as well to the client. The therapist terminates the relationship readily or refer the client to another qualified practitioner should the limits be reached and the relationship has become unrealistically difficult for either of the two parties. Best Practices for Techniques Techniques or the utilization of various modalities come in a variety of forms and each when employed has the potential to piece the individuals needs. The modality of choice at particular client/patient depends on such considerations as family support, financial constraints or financial capability, the patients preference, diagnosis, and age of patient (Rubinstein, et al., 2007). Employing the cathartic method, teach the client to examine his/her thought patterns, to discern the errors of ideal and gain insight into him/herself, and to handle with patience the whole process are fundamentals in the process. When the therapist is able to shift effectively in various standpoints and enables the client to gain a better, realistic and eradicate unrealistic expectations of the self and others, they are both on the way to achieving wholeness and healing that which the client so need and aspire. This requires practice, or constant training and survival of the fittest on the part of the therapist (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).VII. Methods of Therapy Every theoretical approach has its own assumptions. In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help guide a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the overt manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental illness. They are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will bett er help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions areThere are instinctive urges that drive personality formation.Personality growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties.Unresolved anxieties produce neurotic symptoms (Source Kaplan et al, 1994). The goals of treatment here include alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The business of psychodynamic therapy is to make the unconscious conscious to the patient (Models of abnormality, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. In the psychodynamic approach the treatment modality frequently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as preferred by either the therapist or by the client). The therapist a ctively communicates with the client in the on-going sessions. The scenario appears that a given(p) patient may have up to five times a week session and runs up to five years in length (Rubinstein et al., 2007). The methods of therapy incorporate the methods of the eight models. In Behavioral Therapy the development of behavioral skills that encourage effective actions which is done through incorporating principles in learning or classical and operant conditioning. It utilizes shaping, role model and such concepts as behavior modification, counterconditioning and exposure, and systematic desensitization. Behavioral or action therapies utilize insight just as much as the psychodynamic model. Just as the cognitivebehavioral model also recognizes the concept of insight as well, this is only a matter of emphasis or focus. In behavioral/cognitive-behavioral therapies the focus is on the modification or control of behavior and insight usually becomes a tangential advantage.Techniques i nclude CBT through such strategy as cognitive restructuring and the current frequently used REBT for Rational Emotive-Behavior Therapy where wild beliefs are eliminated by examining them in a rational manner (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). Whereas in insight therapies the focus or emphasis is on the patients ability in understanding his/her issues basing on his inner conflicts, motives and fears. Techniques then include reflection of feelings and free association the former as employed in the client concentrate on therapy and with the latter in psychodynamic therapy. Cognitive Strategies are utilized to promote functional thoughts which are likely to result in adaptive and healthy habits (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). Client-centered therapy avoids the imposition of goals on the patient or client during therapy. It is the client who takes the lead in the session and of the conversation. It is the job of the therapist to create the conditions conducive to the clients positive judgment of those experiences that are intrinsically satisfying to the client. The goal then is to reach the point where the client desires to be a good and civilized person. Unconditional positive regard enhances this atmosphere however, and although the goal may be difficult to achieve, unconditional positive regard eventually, match to Rogers, encourages even the unbehaved to conform or even transform (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). Gestalt therapy techniques on the other hand, include the I-language, The Empty Chair, Projection feelings, Attending to Nonverbal Cues, and the Use of Metaphor (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). The techniques may hygienic a lot like pulling this and that from ones tool box but in practice it is far from whimsical and impulsive. There is given time to much thought and analysis per client and an evaluation in between is mustered in order to be kept on track according to the specific goals that had been established at the outset. Here, professionalism counts and much of the efforts poured into every patients benefit. In order to avoid what Corey says as a syncretistic and hodgepodge type of eclectism a theoretical rationale must be underpinning in the overall approach of the therapist (Corey, 2001, Article 29 in Lazarus, 1986, 1996 Lazarus, Beutler, & Norcross, 1992). This means that I as the therapist must establish firmly my own worldview, which contains my value system, and communicates this at the outset to the client and intermittently in the therapeutic process.